Photo: Valentyn Kuzan

Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, which has been ongoing since 2014 and took the form of an open armed invasion in 2022, was from the very beginning centered around the region called Donbas. In Russian (and often also in foreign pro-Russian) media, this region is considered as “having the right to self-determination”, “debatable” or – in line with Putin’s pseudo-history – even “historically Russian”. Russian ideological and political manipulation around Donbas is often compared with the situation around the Georgian regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which also gained pseudo-independence due to military support of the Russian Federation and have remained in their status of unrecognized states under Russian political and military control to the present day. However, the independence aspirations of the peoples of Abkhazia and Ossetia were based on the obvious ethnic identity, cultural and linguistic specificity, which determined the distinctiveness of these groups against the background of the cultural landscape of the region. We cannot see anything like that in Donbas.